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中醫學類文本英譯的實踐報告 ——以《中醫基礎理論》(節選)的翻譯為例
發布時間：2023-03-16 10:39
Contents
Acknowledgements ………………………………...………………………………... i
Abstract in English ……………….……………………………………………… ii
Abstract in Chinese ………….…………………………………………………... iv
1Introduction of the T ranslation Task 1
1.1Choice of Texts ………………………………………………………...… 1
1.2Description of the Task ………………………………………………….…. 1
1.3Requirement of the Task …………………………………………………. 2
2Procedure of the T ranslation 3
2.1The Preparation before Translation ……………………………………… 3
2.2Translation Process ………………………………………………………… 4
3Case Analysis 6
3.1The Introduction of the Translation Variation Strategy ……….………...…. 6
3.1.1Translation Variation Strategies … ……. 6
3.1.2Four Variation Strategies ……………………………….…………. 7
3.2The Situation and Features of TCM and Terminology 9
3.2.1The Current Situation of TCM Terminology …………………….… 9
3.2.2The Basic Features of Translating TCM … …………….9
3.3Problems in Translation Procedure …………………………… ……… 11
3.3.1Barriers of TCM Knowledge …………………….…………………. 11
3.3.2Barriers of Complex Sentences ………………….……… 12
3.3.3Barriers of Culture ………………………………………………... 12
3.4 Solutions to the Translation Problems …………………………….……. 12
3.4.1Annotation for TCM Terminology …………………………...…... 13
3.4.2Disposal of Complex Sentences ………………………... 16
3.4.3Disposal of Culture …………………………………………….…. 18
3.5 Implications ………………………………………………………………. 22
4Conclusions 23
References 24
Appendix …………………………………………...……………………… …. 25
1 Introduction of the Translation Task
1.1Choice of Texts
Different translation texts have their own figures, which can be divided into different types. This text can be included Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) text and it ischosen during the author having the chance to know Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM has its own language, which is difficult to understand. There are two reasons for selecting this text. Firstly, with the development of international communication, English is spoken extensively around the world. And TCM internationalization is the development of world needs. It should be developed and spread. Through translating TCM knowledge, it's beneficial to develop the health consciousness and translation ability. Secondly, TCM language absorbs the essence of human being's wisdom. Translating the text is the great challenge and anneal. The author has the interest and tries the best to develop translation ability.
1.2Description of the Task
The translator needs to translate a Chinese material of about 10000 words into English and then writes a report on problems and gains during the translation process. The text is classified under medicine according to the text classification. It is selected from the introduction part of the text — The Foundational Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It contains the development history and the basic characteristic theoretical system of TCM, which is full ofmuch factual description information, disease treatment principles and methods. So the translator needs to choose the proper translation strategy to describe the text clearly in order to be fully understood by the target readers.
1.3Requirement of the Task
Before translating the text, the related knowledge should be known. TCM text contains much information such as disease symptoms, treatment principles and methods, Yin and Yang theory, TCM development history and so on. In the process of translation, the focus should be placed on the faithfulness to source text and understanding ability for readers. According to Peter Newmark's the theory of text typology, TCM text is the typical information text. The feature of information text is tight structure, logical cohesive and coherence among sentences and straightforward language. Simple and clear language should be used. The related medical professional words reflect the high objectivity, so the author should choose accurate medical words.
2Procedure of the Translation
This part presents the procedure of the translation, including the preparation and the translation process.
2.1The Preparation before Translation
The original text contains much professional knowledge of TCM, the translator have too little or even none of medical professional knowledge. For improving and making sure the quality of translation work, primary medical knowledge should be known. Before the translation practice, full preparation is made sure and the translation work would be accurate and professional.
Firstly, it's of prime importance that the author reads the original text thoroughly in order to get clear thoughts of the content, the language style and translation methods. During reading the original text, the translator marks out some medical professional words and complex sentences. The culture background should be understood.
Secondly, it is necessary to read some Chinese books and search for online materials, other medical documents and find appropriate translation strategies. Then to understand the chosen translation theory is also of vital importance. With the beneficial materials and information, the translator has better understanding of translation strategies and skills, and the original text.
Last but not least, the author borrows the related books from library and prints the materials found from the Internet.
2.2Translation Process
From July to August, the author translates the medical text for the first time after understanding and expressing. The translator spends three or four hours translating about 800 words every day.
Understanding the original is the first part of translating into English, which is the most important step. Only deep understanding, can the author accurately translate the original language into the target language. Expressing is based on understanding. In accordance with the difference of text feature and expressing between Chinese and English, the author chooses the appropriate translation strategies to conveyunderstanding to the target language readers. Because of existing lots of professional words, the author should translate and proofread at the same time. Do make sure the preciseness and scientific of translation work through this way.
Half a month later, the author reads the translation text again and makes an amendment to the material. The proofreading content includes the confused part, catachresis, unclear expression and difference between Chinese and English and so on. As the translator has the clear idea that the translation work would be fade-out after a few days. During the improving step, the author wants to search teachers and classmates for help. The author proofreads the translation work again at different angles. This proofreading focuses on whether the logical relationship is reasonable between sentences and sentences, medical terminology translation is accurate or the syntactic structure is conformed to English expression habit, even the target language is easy to understand and so on. Ultimately, the final translation is formed. The translator does the proofreading process from the middle of August to the tenth of September. At the same time, the translator summarized the problems in the translation process. During translating, there are many flaws in the first translation work. Thus, the translator discusses with her supervisor, finds online information and treats with these problems with rigorous attitude and great patience. Finally, the translation work is completely finished.
3Case Analysis
This is the main part of the paper. In this part, the author introduces translation variation strategies and analyzes the appliance of these strategies in the text.
3.1The Introduction of the Translation Variation Strategies
Translation variation strategiesare a kind of scientific principle and thought system, which are summarized from translation variation practice and reflected translation variation rules. These strategies take translation variation as its objectives, research the general characteristics and rules of translation variation process and seek general principle and methodology. They have the following characteristics: (1) the confirmed knowledge (2) historical development of the product (3) summaries from human translation variation experience (4) a strict logical system composed by a series of concepts and judgments. (Huang Zhonglian, 2002)
3.1.1Translation Variation Strategies
Strategies are a kind of concept system of regularity and principles broadly reflecting the essence of real object. Strategies are a kind of systematic rational cognition and knowledge system. The essence of translation variation is the translation activity under the specified conditions adopted four variation strategies (addition, deletion, editing and narration) in accordance with the specified need of readers. Translation Variation Strategies are included into Translation Variation Theory. The production of translation variation is the trend of times, which is both in China and foreign countries from the ancient times to the present. It is a kind of translation phenomenon. In addition, the research blank in translation area needs to be filled. Professor Huang Zhonglian has set different rules for different variants in his Translation Variation Strategies. Professor Huang says “principles for each variant are different at different levels in the translation variation system. Principles for a higher level are developed from the lower level.” (Huang Zhonglian, 2002)
With the development of civilization and the advent of the information age, translation activities are more frequent. The theory of overall translation could not answer the translation questions one by one, so translation variation strategiesare born at the right moment. Machine translation poses a fatal challenge to translation. The construction of translation variation aims at solving the problem that cannot be explained by the theory of overall translation. It adapts to the general trend of the development of translation strategies. It is also the requirement of information age and readers' acceptance.
3.1.2Four Variation Strategies
The most obvious difference between translation variation and overall translation is “change”. What is “change”? According to the explanation of dictionary Cihai “Variation is flexible and unconventional use”. In a broad sense, translation is intended to cater to readers. Variation is a kind of translation action. Variants break the overall translation rule and reach an agreement between the original and special translator. Meanwhile, translator releases him or herself to reduce the amount of translation labor or increase the knowledge content and intellectual input so that the
readers can have a better understanding and acceptance.
The main foundation to define variation strategiesare the change characteristics between the original content and style. There are seven variation strategies like addition, deletion, editing, narration, condensation, combination and adaptation. According to Professor Huang,“Addition refers to add information to the original text” (108). “Deletion means decrease the unnecessary information to make the source text more conciser and more informative” (Huang Zhonglian2002, p. 113). “Editing is rearranging the original work to make it more logical and more impressive” (Huang Zhonglian2002, p. 115). “Narration is retelling the original work in the spoken or written way” (Huang Zhonglian2002, p. 117). Hypothetically, the translation method is combined with mathematics. If translation variation information is A and the original information is B, it will be having four kinds of situations in the following.
(1)A > B It refers to translation variation information is greater than the original information, in which situation translation variation leads to the increase of information amount. This is Addition.
(2)A < B It refers to translation information is less than the original information, in which situation translation variation leads to the decrease of information amount. This is Deletion.
(3)A < B It refers to translation information is about less than or equal to the original information, in which situation the original information is reduced or basically unchanged after editing. This is editing.
(4)A - B It refers to translation information is equal to the original information, in which situation the amount of translation information is equal to original after translating. This is Narration.
Translation variation acknowledges the translator's brain work in maximizing the value of the original work to meet the readers' needs. Its efficiency and effectiveness are appreciated in this information society.
3.2The Situation and Features of TCM and Terminology
TCM language, which is concise, incisive and elegant, has a long history from ancient times to the present. It covers not only totally classical Chinese language, but includes complete modern colloquialism. It carries rich classical literary with cultural information loaded. It reflects the philosophical thoughts and unique language.
3.2.1The Current of Situation of TCM Terminology
Owing to the situation of cultural default and the different customs of language expression, TCM terminology cannot be unified. Although there are already lots of dictionaries on TCM, confusion is still existed. No standard is established. Redundant translation is also existed. The less translators are both studying English language and researching TCM or medicine. With the development of international communication, TCM is spread around the world. Chinese government pays higher attention to TCM terminology and international standardization. WHO also pays more attention to the above problems and holds related meetings on ISO.
3.2.2The Basic Features of Translating TCM
During translating TCM, the author cannot ignore its particularity. It is necessary to clearly express information and reflect the integrity. Translating TCM with accuracy and proper information density is vital. The author wants to follow six features: (1) Accuracy (2) Habituation (3) Simplicity (4) Culture (5) Pertinence (6) Readers' Acceptance.
Accuracy is reflecting the original meaning of TCM under the translation, appropriately to show the nature of the things, and TCM should not be changed in the course of description. If TCM translation is not accurate, the information will be distorted and cannot be accurately understood by the recipient. The main purpose of TCM translation is to convey medical information. Definitely this belongs to medical translation rather than literature, philosophy or religion translation. Therefore, the English translation of TCM must be put the first in accuracy.
Habituation is established by the people through the long-term social practice. Language has the strong social attributes. Established by the people through long-term social practice is the essence reflection of the language social property. It decides the development of language direction and the acceptability of language users. Thus, the translator must consider the language social property. For translating TCM, the translator adopts the TCM terminology has been used for a long time and with the extensive social recognition and communication effect as much as possible in order to facilitate the understanding of the target readers.
Simplicity is required to use the concise language to express the basic concepts and contents. The concise language is one of the prominent characteristic of TCM, which should be kept when it is translated into the target language. However, this
characteristic is hardly kept in the English version in the view of the present translation practices. TCM language is just more like classical Chinese ancient language, which is full of rich meaning and the concept of integrity. Therefore, the translator should adopt simplicity principle.
Translating is not only a kind of transformation of language, but also a kind of transmission of culture. The transformation of language is only the surface of translation, and the transmission of culture is the essence of translation. The author must hold culture principle. TCM is the most important part of Chinese ancient culture with the distinct cultural characteristics. Thus, the author must respect the cultural characteristics of TCM.
It is necessary to take into account the readers' cognitive context and reading response. The author should hold pertinence principle. Different translation methods are adopted in accordance with different groups of readers or different contexts. It is said that TCM language is so much more speed up than English that the translator shall sometimes give clear explanation to make things clearly. So the author has to take the readers' acceptance into consideration.
3.3Problems in Translation Procedure
In this part, the author presents some problems met in the translation work. During the translation process, these problems cannot be ignored.
3.3.1Barriers of TCMKnowledge
Owing to the abundant of TCM culture, history information and professional
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TCM knowledge, the author falls into the difficulty circle during translation process. There must be existed the lack of TCM knowledge, which will be caused the misunderstanding and ambiguity for readers to accept and understand. So the barriers are urgently solved.
3.3.2Barriers of Complex Sentences
There will be a lot of attributes and symptoms in medical text, lots of complex sentences appear in the original text, which increases the difficulty of translation. The author must deal with these difficulties appropriately. Under the guidance of Professor Huang's theory, the author adopts fourstrategies of translation variation (addition, deletion, editing and narration).
3.3.3Barriers of Culture
Chinese culture has the influence upon TCM in the aspects of thought principle, concept category, theory system and diagnosis and treatment. TCM has its own cultural characteristic while Western medicine has many own languages. Nowadays, people always define culture as the spiritual and material wealth that human beings created while westerners take culture as gentility. Thus, the translator should pay attention to the difference between them.
3.4Solutions to the Translation Problems
According to the above mentioned problems, the author wants to solve these problems under the guidance of Professor Huang's Translation Variation Strategies to
make the target text more suitable for the readers.
3.4.1Annotation for TCM Terminology
Because of included professional knowledge and some ancient information, the author adopts one of thevariation strategies — addition, increasing annotation in order to facilitate the readers to understand.
Example 1:
SL: 其中許多內容已大大超越了當時的世界水平，在形態學方面，關于人 體骨骼、血脈的長度、內臟器官的大小和容量等的記載，基本上是符合實際情況 的；在生理學方面提出“心主血脈”，已認識到血液是在體內“流行不止，環周不 休”的。
TL: Many of the contents of which had been greatly beyond the level of the world at that time. In morphology, recordation about the length of the human bones and blood, the size and capacity of internal organs and so on was basically in line with the actual situation; in physiology, this book was put forward “the heart hosting blood vessels” and had realized the circumferential and endlessly blood in the body.
(Annotation):
The heart hosting blood vessels means Heart Qi dominates blood vessels, blood flows and circulates without stopping, which plays the role of nutrition and moisture.
Example 2:
SL: 所渭辨證，是在認識疾病的過程中確定證候的思維和實踐過程，即將 四診(望、聞、問、切)所收集的資料，包括癥狀和體征，運用中醫學理論進行 分析、綜合，辨清疾病的原因、性質、部位，以及邪正之間的關系，概括、判斷
為某種性質的證候的過程。
TL: So called pattern differentiation refers to defining syndrome's thinking and practice process, also analyzing and summarizing the related information including symptom and sign from the four examinations (inspection, listening-smelling, inquiry, and pulse-taking and palpation), and considering this information under the condition of the syndrome in order to know the cause, essence and position even the relationship between pathogenic qi and healthy qi.
(Annotation):
Symptom refers to the subjective discomfort perceived by a patient, such as headache, tinnitus, distressed chest, and abdominal distension.
Sign refers to the subjective discomfort perceived by a patient, such as headache, tinnitus, distressed chest, and abdominal distension.
Example 3:
SL:明代命門學說的產生，為中醫學的藏象理論增添了新的內容。明•張介 賓的《景岳全書》和趙獻可的《醫貫》中認為，命門寓有用陽水火，為臟腑陰陽 之根本，是調控全身陰陽的樞紐，強調溫補腎陽和滋養腎陰在養生、防病中的重 要意義。明•李中梓則提出了“腎為先天之本，脾為后天之本”，“乙癸同源”等見 解，主張治療疾病當固先后天之本。
TL: The production of “life-gate theory” in the Ming dynasty added new content tothe visceral manifestation theory. Jingle Quanshu composed by Zhang Jiebin and Thorough knowledge of medicine composed by Zhao Xianke wrote life gate contained the water and the fire, which were the fundamentality of viscera, Yin and Yang and the pivot of adjusting and controlling the whole body's Yin and Yang. They emphasized the importance of warming and invigorating kidney yang and nourishing kidney yin in preserving health, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment. Li Zhongzi put forward some ideas such as “kidney was the innate essence, spleen was the acquired essence," “Yi and Kui were derived from the same origin”. He held recommendations for rehabilitation therapy for diseases were on the premise of consolidating the innate and acquired essence.
(Annotation):
The visceral manifestation theory (Zangxiang theory) is the study of the physiology and pathology of all the viscera, and the relationship between viscera through the observation of people's physiological and pathological phenomena.
According to the Five Elements are combined with Five Zang and the ten Heavenly Stems, “Yi and Kui were derived from the same origin” refers to Liver is Yi Wood and kidney is Kui Water. Yi refers to Liver; Kui refers to Kidney. That is saying liver and kidney are derived from the same origin.
(Analysis): The reason of using addition is that the target language readers cannot understand some contents of TCM and TCM knowledge is beyond understanding with much professional knowledge. The annotations are used here mainly to want to give the readers detail information such as “the heart hosting blood vessels” and its function, the detail meaning of Zangxiang theory and what the meaning of “Yi and Kui were derived from the same origin” is. Using the addition method can clearly explain certain part of the original text in the translation like the TCM knowledge, the difference between symptom and sign through understanding their own meaning. Addition method can make up for the improper expression in the translation process.
3.4.2Disposal of Complex Sentences
Chinese emphasizes intuition, perception, and imagery while English underlines logic, thinking, rationality and form. Because of the difference of thinking modes, the languages expression form is quite different. Chinese has lots of attributes, adverbial modifiers and so on while English is totally clear. Thus, when the translator read a complex Chinese sentence, the sentence will be split.Deletion and editing can be used.
Example 4:
SL: 主要表現在：一是大力發展中醫藥教育，通過多模式、多途徑培養中 醫藥人才；二是積極倡導中西醫結合，合理吸收、采納現代醫學的研究成果；三 是提倡用現代多學科方法研究中醫，并在諸多方面取得較大進展。
TL: Main features: First, to develop education and talents of Chinese medicine in the multi-mode and multipath. Second, to integrate Chinese medicine and Western medicine, absorb and adopt reasonably modern medicine research. Third, to advocate modern multidisciplinary methods to survey and develop TCM.
Example 5:
SL: 形體的病變，包括精、氣、血、津液的病變，可引起神的失常，而精 神、情志的失常，也能損傷形體而出現精、氣、血、津液的病變。
TL: The pathological changes of body include the pathological changes of essence, qi, blood and body fluid, causing psychiatric disorders, and vice versa.
Example 6:
SL: 例如脾系統中，脾與胃表里，脾在體合肉，主四肢，開竅于口，其華 在唇。脾在五行屬土，肺在五行屬金，肝在五行屬木。在生理關系上，脾土可以 生肺金，肝木則可以犯脾土。其他臟腑亦是如此。
TL: For example, in spleen system, the spleen and stomach form an exterior-interior relationship. The spleen is associated with the muscles in constituent, with opening into mouth and reflecting its brilliance on the lips. In five elements, spleen pertains to earth; lung pertains to metal; liver pertains to wood. In the physiological relationship, spleen pertained to earth can generate lung pertained to metal, liver pertained to wood can attack spleen pertained to earth.
(Analysis): Complex sentences really need our attention, separation and reconstruction. Complex sentences should be understood well and used accurate and clear language to express. When facing different kinds of complex sentences, deletion and editing variation strategies can be used. Editing can be used in Example 4. The three sentences' structure is the same, so editing is rearranging the original work to make it more logical and more impressive. This strategy can make the content clearer. Deletion can be used in Example 5 and Example 6. Owing to the interaction effect between the pathological changes of body and the pathological changes of essence, qi, blood and body fluid, or among other viscera, the translator uses the deletion strategy to delete the repetitive information.
3.4.3Disposal of Culture Barriers
It is said that TCM is exclusive because it has an integrated and whole-concept system in the world. But the question is that it cannot be expressed by modern science and technology. There are many good thoughts and excellent concepts in TCM that require discovering and approving. Western medicine is simple indeed, but it has the specific measurement concepts, which is simply known as concepts of modern science. Compared with Western medicine, TCM is somehow a bit general. Western Medicine's argumentation is started with specific aspects and forms the modern Western Medicine system, while an effective and reasonable quantitative system still remains absent. There is the same part between TCM and medical medicine.
Example 7:
SL: 中醫學認為人體是一個以心為主宰，五臟為中心的有機的整體。人體 是由五臟(心、肝、脾、肺、腎)、六腑(膽、胃、小腸、大腸、膀胱、三焦)、 形體(皮、脈、肉、筋、骨)，官竅(目、舌、口、鼻、耳、前陰、后陰)構成。
TL: TCM holds that the integral unity of human body by taking Heart as its domination and the five Zang as its center. Human body is composed of the five Zang (Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, and Kidney), six Fu-viscera (Gallbladder, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Urinary Bladder, Tripple-jiao), Physique (Skin, Pulse, Muscle, Tendon, Bone), Organs and Orifices (Eye, Tongue, Mouth, Nose, Ear, External Genitalia, Anus).
Example 8:
SL: 社會地位、經濟狀況的劇烈變化，突發事件的產生，常可導致人的精 神、情志的不穩定，從而影響人體臟腑精氣的機能而導致某些身心疾病的發生， 也可常使某些原發疾病如冠心病、高血壓、肝炎、糖尿病等惡化，甚至死亡。
TL: The dramatic changes of social status and economy condition and the production of emergency can cause the instability of man spirit and emotion, which influence the function of human viscera, essence and qi and result in disease or deteriorative primary disease like coronary heart disease, hypertension, hepatitis, diabetes and other diseases or even death.
Example 9:
SL: 中醫學受中國古代的唯物觀和辯證觀深刻影響，系統總結了我國古代 長期的醫療實踐經驗所形成，是以整體觀念為主導思想，以氣、陰陽、五行學說 為哲學基礎和思維方法，以臟腑經絡及精氣血津液為生理病理學基礎，以辨證論 治為診治特點的獨特的醫學理論體系。
TL: TCM is formed by summering the our ancient country's long-term medical experience and deeply influenced by the ancient Chinese concept of materialism and the dialectical outlook, which is the whole concept as the dominant idea, Qi, Yin and Yang, Five Elements Theory as philosophy foundation and pathological basis, zang-fu viscera, meridians and collaterals as physiological and pathological basis, treatment based on syndrome differentiation as its diagnostic and treatment features.
Example 10:
SL: 根據甲骨文的記載，在公元前 21 世紀，人們對于疾病的病名有了認識， 如有疾首、疾耳、疾目等，并根據部位的不同分為 16 種，具有近代醫學疾病分 科診治的特征。
TL: According to inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty, in the 21st century B.C., people had the acknowledgment of disease names, like
headache, ear disease, eye disease and others, which were divided into 16 kinds with modern medical diagnosis and treatment of characteristic of the disease in accordance with different body parts.
Example 11:
SL: 因此，中醫學理論體系有兩個基本特點：一是整體觀念，二是辨證論 治。
TL: Thus, the basic characteristics of theoretical system of TCM have two, one is the conception of holism; the other is treatment determination based on pattern differentiation.
Example 12:
SL: 既注意到一種病可出現多種證候，又考慮到不同的病也可出現相同性 質的證候，因而在診治疾病時就有“同病異治”和“異病同治”兩種方法。
TL: One disease can include different syndromes, oppositely, different diseases can exhibit the same syndrome. Thus, there are two methods— “different treatments for the same disease” and “same treatment for different diseases”.
(Analysis): Owing to they are all belonging to medicine, the author can consult Western Medicine in the translation process. Narration is the most realistic and effective translation strategy. This can not only reduce the sense of separation of foreigners to TCM, but also to get a way to the world. However, some words with Chinese characteristics should be translated in narration and editing strategies. Like body parts and organ (Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, and Kidney), the specific diseases (coronary heart disease, hypertension, hepatitis, diabetes) and organs' function, the translator can adopt language of Western Medicine. Like Qi, Yin and Yang words, the translator want to use Pinyin to narrate, which can reflect Chinese characteristics. Like the treatment principles and methods, the translator could adopt editing and narration strategies.
3.5Implications
The process of translation is an opportunity to test the translator and also a challenge. The selected text is about TCM. The translator can develop her own ability and increase knowledge on TCM. In the process of translation, the translator gets a deeper systemic understanding between Chinese and English. In order to translate the absolute language, the translator must masterly group reading, understanding and writing ability and seek proper bilingual transformation the vocabulary smoothly. Although some shortcomings are existed, the translator does improve and develop translation skills and methods. If the translator brings into contact with analogous text again, it will be translated well. Through this translation practice, the translator has benefited a lot. Firstly, when it comes to translate, the translator must have solid foundation both languages. It is not only a transformation between two languages, also two kinds of culture and thinking ways. Therefore, the translator must develop the ability; secondly, regardless whatever kinds of materials, after totally understanding, the translation work will be shown. Finally, the translator must have two kinds of thinking mode of rapid transformation ability. A good translator should have ability of learning different disciplines. Only by constantly learning can have a better development.
4Conclusions
This translation report takes The Foundational Theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine as a reference case. Under the guidance of translation variation strategies, the author expounds four of translation variation strategies (addition, deletion, editing and narration), the current situation of TCM terminology and translating features of TCM and problems and solutions in the translation process. The author has got a lot of inspiration in the translation practice.
First, in order to make sure the translation process, it is necessary to work out a feasible plan and follow the procedure strictly. Second, no matter what material translation, the understanding of the original text is essential. Expression and proofreading need be checkout over and over. Third, professional knowledge and information is controlled well by the translator. TCM is full of research value and difficulties. The author should pay attention to life style and health. Finally, the author will be strict with herself and accumulate more experience and knowledge to be a good translator.
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